Akụkọ

China nwere ụlọ ọrụ akwa kachasị ukwuu n'ụwa yana yinye ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe zuru oke yana ụdị nke zuru oke. Ngwongwo ndị China gụnyere yarn, akwa akwa, uwe na ihe ndị ọzọ. N'ihe dị ka afọ 2015, olu nhazi fiber nke China ruru nde tọn 53, na-aza ihe karịrị pasenti 50 nke mkpokọta ụwa. China bụ mba kachasị na-emepụta na mbupụ akwa na uwe. Ụlọ ọrụ akwa China duziri ụwa ruo afọ iri. China na-edu ụwa na mbupụ uwe. Asọmpi nke ụlọ ọrụ akwa na uwe, nke kewara n'ime ụlọ ọrụ akwa na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta uwe, bụ ụlọ ọrụ kacha asọmpi na China. Ọ bụ nke kachasi ike n'ụwa n'ihe gbasara oke ahịa mba ụwa, nrịbama asọmpi azụmaahịa na ntinye uru bara uru.

Ụlọ ọrụ akwa China nwere ogologo akụkọ mmepe, dịka oge Neolithic amụtala nkà na ụzụ akwa. Nkà na ụzụ silk na flax dị na China oge ochie ruru ọkwa dị elu ma nwee aha ọma n'ụwa. Alaeze Ukwu Rom oge ochie bu ụzọ gbasaa silk site n'okporo ụzọ silk wee kpọọ China "Ala silk". Ụlọ ọrụ akwa nke China na mbụ gụnyere eriri kemịkalụ, akwa owu, akwa ajị anụ, akwa akwa hemp, silk, ịkwa akwa, ibipụta na agba, uwe, akwa ụlọ, igwe akwa na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ. Mgbe ọtụtụ afọ nke mmepe gasịrị, ụlọ ọrụ textile ji nwayọọ nwayọọ guzobe ụlọ ọrụ akwa ọgbara ọhụrụ nke nwere akwa ụlọ, akwa akwa na akwa ụlọ ọrụ dịka usoro atọ. N'afọ 2020, olu nhazi fiber nke ụlọ ọrụ China nwere ihe karịrị 50% nke ụwa, na oke mbupụ ya ruru 1/3 nke ụwa. Ọ na-abụkarị ụlọ ọrụ nwere nzụkọ azụmaahịa mba ofesi kacha ukwuu na China, yana oriri eriri onye ọ bụla eruola ọkwa mba ndị mepere emepe n'ụwa. N'oge gara aga, a na-emehie ụlọ ọrụ akwa China maka "ụlọ ọrụ ọdịda anyanwụ", ma ugbu a na ndị mmekọ zuru ụwa ọnụ, ọ bụghị nanị na nke kachasị ukwuu, na nke kachasị mma nke ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, usoro mmepụta ihe zuru oke zuru oke, sayensị ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na nkà na ụzụ n'ihu nke ụwa, karịsịa ụdị ụlọ a na-aghọta nke ọma na ma ụlọ ahịa na mba ụwa. N'ime ụlọ ọrụ ise (textile, ngwa ụlọ, ihe ụlọ, ígwè na ígwè, na ụgbọ okporo ígwè dị elu) edepụtara na ndepụta mbụ nke ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ụwa na China, ụlọ ọrụ textile na-ebute ụzọ.

Oke ahịa nke ụlọ ọrụ akwa na akwa China ji nke abụọ n'ụwa, jiri okpukpu isii karịa nke Italy, okpukpu asaa karịa nke Germany na okpukpu 12 nke United States ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ iri gara aga. Ndekọ asọmpi azụmaahịa nke China dị n'elu 0.6 ogologo oge, na ntinye aka ahia ahia uwe dị nso na 1 ogologo oge. Ndekọ nke uru ntụnyere doro anya na-adịkarị karịa 2.5, nke na-egosi na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ nwere asọmpi mba ụwa siri ike. Nrụpụta nke ụlọ ọrụ akwa na akwa China jibu okpukpu itoolu karịa nke Italy yana ugboro 14 karịa nke United States, nke doro anya na ụlọ ọrụ a nwere asọmpi mba ụwa siri ike. Karịsịa, n'ime afọ iri nke atọ nke mgbanwe na imeghe, China họọrọ nke mbụ na mmepụta nke eriri kemịkal, yarn, ákwà, akwa woolen, ngwaahịa silk na uwe. Na mgbakwunye, dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ dị mkpa sitere na United States, European Union na Japan, na 2020, China nwetara 33%, 43.9% na 58.6% nke mkpokọta akwa na uwe sitere na United States, European Union na Japan n'otu n'otu. N'ime ha, ngwaahịa mkpuchi sitere na China na-achịkwa ahịa ahụ, na-aza 83%, 91.3% na 89.9% nke mbubata nkpuchi sitere na US, EU na Japan n'otu n'otu.

E jiri ya tụnyere mba ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Eshia nke nwere ọnụ ala dị ala, China nwere uru eke: 1) ụlọ ọrụ akwa nke China nwere ogologo akụkọ ihe mere eme, akụrụngwa zuru oke na ụdị ọkọnọ zuru oke, nke bụ isi ihe kpatara nlọghachi iwu n'oge ọrịa ahụ. 1) Ọnọdụ ọrịa na-efe efe na China kwụsiri ike, China bụ onye mbụ maliteghachi ọrụ na mmepụta. Agbụ ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na ọkọnọ bụ ihe nkịtị, enwere ike ibunye iwu dịka emebere ya. 3) A na-arụ ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ akwa nke China n'elu ikpo okwu akpaaka nke ụlọ ọrụ na-akwụ ụgwọ dị ala nke mmepụta ihe.

Obodo ama ama nke akwa akwa China: Hebei Gaoyang. Gaoyang textile malitere na mbubreyo Dynasty Ming, xing na mbubreyo Dynasty Qing, ọganihu na mmalite Republic of China, ihe karịrị 400 afọ nketa, na county textile ụlọ ọrụ karịa 4000. Ihe ngosi akwa ụlọ kwa afọ bụ nnukwu ihe omume nke ụlọ ọrụ akwa akwa nke mba. O nwere ụlọ ngosi ihe ngosi nka ọkachamara kachasị nke nwere akụrụngwa akụkọ ihe mere eme zuru oke yana ụlọ ọrụ ọgwụgwọ ọkwa mmiri kachasị na mpaghara. Ọ bụ uru na-ekwu na gao Yang textile ụlọ ọrụ dị nnọọ mepụtara, akwa nhicha, ajị anụ, blanketị atọ isi ngwaahịa mmepụta aza ajụjụ maka 38.8%, 24.7% na 26% nke mba ngụkọta, bụ otu n'ime mba kasị ukwuu owu nkesa center, nwe obodo kasị ukwuu towel ọkachamara N'ogbe ahịa, gao Yangi textile ahia obodo, nnukwu ụlọ ahịa na-emepụta ákwà mkpuchi ụgbọ ala X.

China Light Textile City dị na Keqiao District, Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province. Tọrọ ntọala na Ọktoba 1988, Shaoxing Keqiao emepụtala akụkọ ifo akụ na ụba na-enweghị atụ wee bụrụ isi obodo akwa akwa nke mba ụwa “kpuchiri ụwa niile”. China Textile City na-ekpuchi mpaghara nke 1.8 nde square mita, na ngụkọta ihe owuwu nke 3.9 nde square mita. Kwa afọ, akwa a na-ere ebe a bụ 1/3 nke mba na 1/4 nke ụwa. N'afọ 2020, otu ahịa ahịa akwa akwa China nwetara ngbanwe nke ijeri yuan 216.325. Ọnụ ahịa azụmahịa nke China Textile City dị n'ịntanetị na nke na-anọghị n'ịntanetị ruru ijeri yuan 277.03. Ọ họọrọ nke mbụ n'ahịa ahịa akwa ọkachamara nke China maka afọ 32 n'usoro. Ugbu a ọ bụ nnukwu ebe nkesa akwa akwa nwere akụrụngwa zuru oke na ngwaahịa dị iche iche na China, yana nnukwu ahịa ọkachamara textile light na Eshia.

China ka na-edu ụwa n'ọhịa nke fiber filament kemịkalụ. Ngụkọta mmepụta fiber nke ụwa bụ ihe karịrị nde tọn 90. Pasent 70 nke nde tọn 90 nke mmepụta fiber bụ eriri kemịkal, ihe dị ka nde tọn 65, nke fiber filament kemịkal n'ime ya dị ihe dị ka nde tọn 40. Enwere ike ịhụ na eriri kemịkal na-achịkwa filaments. Ọtụtụ n'ime ihe karịrị nde tọn 40 nke fiber filament kemịkal dị n'ụwa ka a na-emepụta na China.

China bụ ndị kacha na-emepụta owu na ndị na-azụ ahịa n'ụwa. Site na mmepụta owu ụlọ enweghị ike igbo mkpa, China ka chọrọ mbubata si mba ofesi iji mejuo ọchịchọ. Mana a na-ebubata ya nke ọma n'ụdị owu adịghị mma. Olu mbubata owu na 2020 bụ tọn 2.1545, gbagoro 16.67% kwa afọ. N'ime ha, United States, Brazil na India bụ isi mmalite atọ mbubata. N'ihe gbasara inye anụ ụlọ, a na-ekesa akuku owu na China na osimiri Yangtze na ọdọ mmiri Yellow na ebe mmepụta ihe dị na Xinjiang, nke mmepụta nke mpaghara xinjiang na-emepụta ihe dị ka 45% nke mkpokọta mba, nke Osimiri Yellow na-akpata 25%, na nke osimiri Yangtze na-akpata ihe dịka 10%. Okwesiri iburu n'uche na owu xinjiang bu ihe kachasi nma nke uwa, dika isi ihe na-emeputa ihe ndi ozo nke China, mmepụta owu nke xinjiang na 2020 bu 5.161 nde tọn, na-aza 87.3% nke obodo, na-aza otu ụzọ n'ụzọ ise nke ụwa. Enwere ike ịsị na ọ bụ n'ihi oke mkpụrụ nke xinjiang na oke owu na-akwado ike isi China na mba mbụ na-emepụta owu n'ụwa.